Speakers Technology
Speakers Technology
Types of horns: Thinuna offers a variety of speakers in various shapes, configurations and sizes for a wide range of applications. A variety of factors should be considered when choosing a loudspeaker, such as whether it is used indoors or in the open air, whether it plays speech or music, the application acoustic conditions of the place, how much output power, etc. Various horns can also be grouped into two categories: cone hornsand horn speakers.
Cone Horn:
The most traditional form of horn unit, it has a very wide articulation cone angle, generally 90 to 100 degrees. It is suitable for speech and music and has a wide frequency response, but does not produce as high a sound pressure as the horn. The cone horn has a wide range of applications. In the speaker, column speaker, ceiling speakers, projection speakers are installed in the cone horn unit.
 | Speaker: The speakeris a cone horn speaker enclosed with a box, so in addition to mechanical protection, but also to improve the sound quality. Such as FS-X series in the speaker can be installed to match the transformer, volume control and transformer tap selection (power selection) connector. High-quality speakers usually have a tweeter, woofer and crossover. |
 | Column speaker: When larger power is needed, multiple cone horns can be installed in the box. The general column speaker is to install 3 to 6 or even more speakers in the vertical direction, this arrangement can get a very strong directionality in the vertical direction, and the high frequency directivity is more prominent. The column speaker is especially suitable for buildings with large echoes: such as churches, exhibition halls, etc. |
 | Ceiling speaker: Widely used in offices, stores, hotels, conference rooms and other places, is a convenient, hiddengood choice. The biggest advantage is that you can get a good uniformity of sound field. If the environmental noise is bad, the ceiling speakers should not be installed too high, and not suitable for installation in places where the echo is too large and the walls are smooth and easy to produce sound emission. |
 | Strongly directional projection horn: Cone horn speaker unit is putinto a cavity-like cover, generally used in longcorridors, aisles and other places. Most of the strong directional speakers with waterproof function can be used in industrial environment, swimming pool, shopping center and other outdoor places. Two-way strong pointing hornis installed two cone horns back-to-back in the cavity to realize the role of two-way projection, such as HW-210B/220B. |
 | High-quality speakers: Usually these speakers appear with the form of speakers, such as high-quality MS series ceiling speakers, FS-Q series speaker, and even music horn speakers MHS-50S. These speakers have the extraordinary sound quality sought by the playback of foreground and background music, but at the same time can meet the voice such as conference functions, etc. Also known as a wider range of adaptation of commercial audio speakers. |
Application of multiple horn speakers: In wide locations such as sports arenas, multiple groups of horn speakers can be installed to ensure uniform sound coverage. Horn speakers can also be arranged into vertical column arrays to improve the intelligibility of speech.
 | Horn speaker: The sound beam from the horn is also conical, but the cone angle is narrower than the general cone horn, generally 30 to 50 degrees, so it has greater sound pressure level and sound transmission efficiency, and the transmission distance is longer. All the horn speaker of Thinuna are waterproof and durable, which are widely used in various outdoor places such as industry, sports field, traffic, freight yard, etc. They are also suitable for vehicles and ships. |
Vocal and music restoration:
vocal and music restoration requirements are different, the frequency response of the human voice is generally in 500Hz~5kHz; music frequency response is much wider, usually in 100Hz~16kHz. in the selection of speakers to consider this technical index. However, if the background music is the main focus, without considering the foreground music and the human voice, there's not a big problem if the frequency band is slightly narrower.
The choice of high impedance fixed voltage and low impedance fixed resistance:
The traditional speaker units are of low impedance such as fixed resistance 4 ohm/8 ohm/1 6 ohm, which are usually used in civil audio and professional audio, because the transmission distance is short and the transmission loss is not big. Since the distribution of speakers in public broadcasting system is very wide and the transmission distance is long, the loss caused by transmission is increased, so the high impedance fixed voltage is used to transmit, usually 100V,70V or 50V. the transmitted audio source is usually mono signal.
Power matching of fixed-voltage amplifier and speakers:
When using 100V amplifierto push the speakers, the speakers must be installed with matching transformers, most of which have full, half, 1/4 power or more taps on the primary transformer.
The sum of the power of all the speakers can not exceed the rated output power of the amplifier. When the speaker is located at half power, the number of connections can be doubled, and when the speaker is located at 1/4 power, the number is 4 times. The same principle of the amplifier: the number of speakers that can be connected is doubled at 70V, and the number of speakers that can be connected is 4 times at 50V.
Speaker installation location: The ideal sound reinforcement system should be able to hear the same loudness and clarity of sound in any location within the coverage area. In the design of a sound reinforcement system must pay attention to the following points:
Uniform sound field distribution: within the coverage of the sound reinforcement system, the distribution of the speakers should be uniform, to avoid the listeners near the speakers feel too loud, so that the listeners are not comfortable. At the same time to prevent the product sound speech area, resulting in small or unclear sound.
Horn diffusion angle: When measured with a 4kHz signal (the best vocal frequency), the radiation angle of most tapered horns is
90 degrees. Keeping this knowledge in mind will help design the distribution position of the horn, which should ensure that each listener is within the sound coverage of at least 1 horn. The horizontal and vertical diffusion angles of certain speakers (such ascardioid directivity) are different, and the vertical diffusion angle of vertically mounted speakers also plays a key role in sound field uniformity.
Spacing of ceiling speakers: When installing ceiling speakers, the spacing between the speakers is related to the height of the ceiling, the diffusion angle of the speakers and the ear of the listeners.
The listening height of the listeners is related. The listening height of the audience depends on whether the audience is sitting
(office, lounge) or standing (in the corridor, passage). The diffusion angle of most ceiling speakers is 90 degrees to 120 degrees; the smaller the speaker spacing, the better the sound quality and the higher the volume, the following diagram shows the arrangement of the ceiling speaker spacing:
Usually the use of the office does not include background music, speaker arrangement spacing of about 9 to 12 meters, the following is a 30 M x 20 M office, the ceiling height of 3 M speaker arrangement example, as shown in the figure this office needs about 6 ceiling speakers: am shows the arrangement of the ceiling speaker spacing:
The coverage range of a ceiling speaker: empirical results can be roughly standardized by the following table:
Horn Technology
In addition, the following uncertainties must be considered:
When the sound field uniformity in the sound reinforcement area is very important, the loudspeaker distribution should be slightly dense, and if the requirementis not so strict, it can be slightly sparse.
Ceiling height: When the higher the speakers are installed, the larger the coverage area is, and the interval can be slightly farther. But because the speakers are installed high and far from the distance of the listeners, they need to have a larger sound pressure.
Environmental noise: Usually the environmental noise in the office is lower than that in the factory, so the speakers used in the factory have higher sound pressure level, which is why the factory usually uses horn speakers or projection speakers.
Spatial layout of the sound reinforcement area: sound is transmitted to people, if the-side of an area is separated and no one arrives, there is no need to consider the sound pressure level sound field uniformity of this place.
Avoid noise pollution:
When designing an indoor sound reinforcement system, should be considerate to limit the sound to the designated area as much as possible to avoid causing noise interference to neighbors. Careful design of the location and direction of the horn can minimize this interference. Horn speakers generally have a very narrow diffusion angle at 4kHz.
Enhance the bass effect:
Ceiling speakers installed on the closed ceiling help to strengthen the bass, and the column or wall speakers installed in the corner or under the building hall also have the effect of highlighting the bass.
Prevent self-excitation and induction of AC sound:
To avoid self-excitation caused by whistling, the microphone should be outside the coverage of the speaker. If the microphone and speaker cables are too close to the power cable, there is a possibility of induction of AC sound from the AC power cable, so the microphone and speaker cables must be more than 50cm away from the power cable or add appropriate shielding. The same reason, if the microphone and speaker cable is toc close to the formation of inductance, resulting in oscillation.
Same phase connection:
The speakers must be connected in the same phase. All the speakers of Sound Uno are marked with phase mark, and the wiring must make the power signal inputand CoM terminal of the speakers connected in the same phase.
A general guide to noise levels and speaker transmission levels at various locations:
Suitable for all types of speakers, the noise level is expressed in decibels dB:
When transmitting voice or musicthrough speakers, the transmission level should be higher than the ambient noise level, in the case of voice transmission, the transmission level should be 5-10dB higherthan the noise level,3-5dB higher for background music, and 15-20dB higher for foreground music.
Itindicates the sound pressure level measured at a distance of 1 meter when the electronicinput of the speaker is 1 W. This index is used to compare the sound pressure level of the speaker.
The attenuation of SPL caused by distance:
Calculation example: The SPL (1W/m) of HS-50B horn speaker is 109dB. The SPL at a distance of 30 meters at 50W input can be calculated according to the above table:
When the maximum sound pressure level of the speaker is known, the formula for calculating the SPL at a distance of x meters from the rated power output of the speaker can be simplified as follows: SPL = Max SPL -SPL attenuation caused by distance
Using the above calculation results in the factory, if the ambient noise level of the factory is 85dB (noisy), when using the horn horn can produce high sound pressure, from the calculation results can be seen: a HS-50B distance of 30 meters away can produce 96.5dB high sound pressure, which is a very dequate sound pressure level, can be used as voice and background music purposes, a horn can be forward to cover a distance of 30 meters.